Categories
- Cuban Revolution
- U.S. MISSILE Turkey
- Khrushchev Proposal
- Contingent
- Anadyr
- U-2 flights
- Develop response
- Quarantine
- Worsening crisis
- Khrushchev's second letter
- Black Saturday
- Permission
- Implications
- Historic significance
- Epilogue
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The Cuban missile crisis - an extremely tense standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States regarding the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba in October 1962. The Cubans call it the "October crisis", the U.S. has called the "Cuban Missile Crisis."
The crisis was preceded by placement in 1961, the United States in Turkey's medium-range missiles "Jupiter", directly threatening the city in the western part of the Soviet Union, reaching as far as Moscow and major industrial centers.
The crisis began on Oct. 14, 1962, when the spy plane U-2 U.S. Air Force during one of the regular overflights of Cuba, found near the village of San Cristobal, Soviet medium-range missiles R-12. According to the decision of U.S. President John Kennedy was a special Executive Committee, which discussed possible solutions to the problem. For some time the Executive Committee meeting were secret, but on October 22 Kennedy addressed the nation announcing the presence in Cuba of Soviet "offensive weapons", because of what the United States to immediately panic. Was introduced "quarantine" (blockade) of Cuba.
Initially, the Soviets denied the presence on the island of Soviet nuclear weapons, then - she assured the Americans of the deterrent nature of the placement of missiles in Cuba. Oct. 25 photos missiles were demonstrated at a meeting of UN Security Council. In the executive committee seriously discussed use of force to solve the problem and his supporters persuaded Kennedy as soon as possible to begin a massive bombing of Cuba. However, regular overflights by U-2 showed that some missiles already installed and ready for launch, and that such actions would inevitably lead to war.
U.S. President John F. Kennedy proposed to dismantle the Soviet Union installed missiles and to deploy more ships of their way to Cuba in exchange for a U.S. guarantee not to invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro (sometimes indicated that Kennedy also proposed to withdraw U.S. missiles from Turkey, but this requirement emanated from the Soviet leadership, as discussed in detail in the article below). Chairman of the Council of Ministers and first secretary of the CPSU, Nikita Khrushchev agreed, and on October 28 began dismantling missiles. The last Soviet missile left Cuba a few weeks, and 20 November blockade against Cuba has been withdrawn.
The Cuban missile crisis lasted 13 days. He had a very important psychological and historical significance. Humanity is the first time in its history was on the verge of self-destruction. Resolution of the crisis was a turning point in the Cold War and the beginning of detente.